Ascariasis errática biliar como causa exótica de ictericia obstructiva / Erratic Biliary Ascariasis as an Exotic Cause of Obstructive Jaundice

Introducción: Áscaris lumbricoides es el helminto más frecuente en el tracto gastrointestinal humano; la mayor prevalencia se registra en países en desarrollo, tropicales y subtropicales. En Cuba constituye una causa exótica de ictericia obstructiva con pocos casos reportados. Objetivo: Describir el manejo terapéutico exitoso de un caso de un hombre con ictericia obstructiva secundaria a ascariasis coledociana. Caso clínico: Paciente de 74 años operado en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico "Lucía Íñiguez Landín" de la provincia Holguín por ictericia obstructiva por ascariasis coledociana, con evolución clínico-quirúrgica satisfactoria. Conclusiones: En países en desarrollo debe tomarse en cuenta la ascariasis como causa de enfermedad obstructiva biliar o pancreática. El conocimiento del cuadro clínico y sus complicaciones, además, de las diferentes opciones en el tratamiento, debe ser del dominio de todo médico. La ictericia obstructiva por áscaris lumbricoides constituye en Cuba una causa exótica de esta infestación por parásitos(AU)

Introduction: Ascaris lumbricoides is the most frequent helminthiasis in the human gastrointestinal tract; the highest prevalence is recorded in developing, tropical and subtropical countries. In Cuba, it constitutes an exotic cause of obstructive jaundice with few reported cases. Objective: To describe the successful therapeutic management of a case of a man with obstructive jaundice secondary to choledochal ascariasis. Clinical case report: We report the case of a 74-year-old patient operated on at Lucía Íñiguez Landín Surgical Clinical Hospital, in Holguín province, for obstructive jaundice due to choledochal ascariasis, with satisfactory clinical-surgical evolution. Conclusions: In developing countries, ascariasis should be taken into account as a cause of biliary or pancreatic obstructive disease. Knowledge of the clinical condition and its complications, in addition to the different treatment options, should be the domain of every physician. Obstructive jaundice due to ascaris lumbricoides constitutes an exotic cause of this parasite infestation in Cuba(AU)

Epidemiological profile, referral routes and diagnostic accuracy of cases of acute cholangitis among individuals with obstructive jaundice admitted to a tertiary-level university hospital: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Obstructive jaundice may lead to ominous complications and requires complex diagnostic evaluations and therapies that are not widely available. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological profile, referral routes and diagnostic accuracy at admittance of cases of acute cholangitis among patients with obstructive jaundice treated at a referral unit. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at a tertiary-level university hospital. METHODS: Patients with obstructive jaundice who were treated by means of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, resection and/or surgical biliary drainage were evaluated. The main variables analyzed were epidemiological data, referral route, bilirubin levels and time elapsed between symptom onset and admittance and diagnosing of acute cholangitis at the referral unit. The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of acute cholangitis was compared with a retrospective analysis on the medical records in accordance with the Tokyo criteria. RESULTS: Female patients predominated (58%), with an average age of 56 years. Acute cholangitis was detected in 9.9% of the individuals; application of the Tokyo criteria showed that the real prevalence was approximately 43%. The main referral route was direct contact (31.8%) and emergency care (29.7%); routing via official referral through the public healthcare system accounted for 17.6%, and internal referral from other specialties, 20%. The direct route with unofficial referral was the most important route for cases of neoplastic etiology (P < 0.01) and was the fastest route (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There is a deficiency in the official referral routes for patients with obstructive jaundice. The accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of acute cholangitis was poor. Wider dissemination of the Tokyo criteria is essential.

Morbilidad postoperatoria por colangiografía endoscópica retrógrada con o sin papilotomía ulterior: serie de casos / Postoperative morbidity by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with or without ulterior papillotomy: series of cases

La patología biliar litiásica es frecuente en nuestro país, con prevalencias entre 30% y 50%; y la ictericia obstructiva secundaria a coledocolitiasis (IOC), constituye un motivo de consulta frecuente en los servicios de urgencia. Por otra parte, la papilotomía endoscópica (PE) post colangiografía retrógrada endoscópica (CRE), constituye el tratamiento de elección en estos casos; sin embargo, es un procedimiento no exento de complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio, es describir la MPO e identificar posibles factores de riesgo (FR) asociados a MPO, en pacientes con IOC, sometidos a PE. Serie de casos retrospectiva, de pacientes con IOC, a quienes se les realizó CRE y ulterior PE. La variable resultado fue desarrollo de MPO (hemorragia, perforación y pancreatitis). Otras variables de interés fueron canulación, dificultad de ésta, desarrollo de PE, uso de pre corte y mortalidad. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante una pauta ad-hoc, en la que se registraron las variables extraídas desde el protocolo operatorio y la ficha clínica. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y analítica (Chi2 de Pearson y exacto de Fisher) para estimar fuerza de asociación. Se intervinieron 200 pacientes. La Media de edad fue de 60±18 años; 62% eran mujeres (n= 124). Se registró MPO en 32 casos (16,0%): Perforación (0,5%), pancreatitis (2,0%) y hemorragia (13,5%). La serie no registró mortalidad. No se logró objetivar asociación entre la variable "canulación difícil" y las variables hemorragia (p= 0,214); pancreatitis (p= 0,519); ni perforación (p= 1). Sin embargo, se verificó asociación entre el desarrollo de hemorragia y la realización de PE (p= 0,017). La hemorragia es la MPO más frecuente en esta serie; y la PE es un FR para el desarrollo de hemorragia.

Bileduct stones is prevalent in our country, with prevalences between 30% and 50%; and obstructive jaundice secondary to choledocholithiasis (OJC), is a frequent reason of consultation in emergency services. Furthermore, endoscopic papillotomy (EP) post ERCP is the treatment of choice in these cases; however, it is not free of complications (POM). The aim of this study is to describe POM and identify potential risk factors (RF) associated with POM in patients with OJC, underwent PE. Retrospective case series of patients with OJC, who underwent ERCP and subsequent PE. Outcome variable was the development of POM (bleeding, perforation, and pancreatitis). Other variables of interest were cannulation, difficulty of this, developing PE, using precut and mortality. Data collection was performed by an ad-hoc pattern in which the variables extracted from surgical protocols and clinical data were recorded. Descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson Chi2 and Fisher's exact test) were applied to assess strength of association. 200 patients were operated. The mean age was 60±18 years; 62% were women (n = 124). MPO was recorded in 32 cases (16.0%): perforation (0.5%), pancreatitis (2.0%) and bleeding (13.5%). The series does not record mortality. It was not possible to objectify association between "difficult cannulation" and the variables bleeding (p= 0.214); pancreatitis (p= 0.519); and perforation (p= 1). However, association between bleeding and performing PE (p= 0.017) was observed. Hemorrhage is the most common cause of MPO in this series; and PE is a RF for the development of bleeding.

A review on endoscopic palliation of obstructive jaundice before surgery / Una revisión de la paliación endoscópica de la ictericia obstructiva antes de la cirugía

Since its development, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a simple diagnostic technique to an important therapeutic procedure. Obstructive jaundice is often the first and most common complication in patients with malignant disease of the extrahepatic biliary tract. Although preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) may be instituted in many centers, different studies have reported divergent results regarding its benefits in reducing the complications of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery, especially with regard to pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will summarize the current literature of PBD and describe its indications, possible benefits, and, when indicated, the appropriate interval before surgery.

Desde su desarrollo, la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica ha evolucionado de una técnica puramente diagnóstica a un procedimiento netamente terapeútico. La ictericia obstructiva es a menudo la primera y más común de las complicaciones en los pacientes con enfermedad maligna de la vía biliar extrahepática. Aunque el drenaje biliar preoperatorio (DBP) puede ser realizado en múltiples centros, diferentes estudios han reportado resultados divergentes con respecto a sus beneficios en la reducción de las complicaciones de la cirugía biliopancreática, especialmente con respecto a duodenopancreatectomía para el cáncer de páncreas. En esta revisión, resumimos la literatura actual del DBP y describimos sus indicaciones, posibles beneficios y cuando esté indicado, el intervalo apropiado antes de la cirugía.

Manejo endoscópico de la ictericia obstructiva / Endoscopic management of obstructive jaundice

Since the first choledochotomy was practiced successfully on May 9, 1889 by the English surgeon Knowsley Thornton in London,85 years have passed for the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to take the leading role as the first alternative in the attempted resolution for obstructive jaundice. Moreover, together with the endosonography these techniques achieve significant success rates in restoring drainage obstructed bile duct, which has led to a significant drop in surgical volume; all triggered by the expansion of technological development that offers new equipment as well as new tools for diagnosis and treatment of the formerly called “surgical jaundice”.

Desde que la primera coledocotomía con éxito fuera practicada el 9 de mayo de 1889 por el cirujano inglés Knowsley Thorton en Londres, debieron transcurrir 85 años para que la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica tomara el rol preponderante que actualmente ostenta como la primera alternativa en el intento de resolución de la ictericia obstructiva. Además, junto con la endosonografía logran importantes porcentajes de éxito en restablecer el drenaje de la vía biliar obstruida, lo que ha conllevado a una importante baja del volumen quirúrgico; todo catapultado por la expansión del desarrollo tecnológico que pone a disposición nuevos equipos como también nuevos instrumentos tanto para el diagnóstico como el tratamiento de la antiguamente llamada “ictericia quirúrgica”.

Drenagem biliar na paliação dos tumores malignos da confluência biliopancreática: estudo comparativo das abordagens cirúrgica e endoscópica ecoguiada / Biliary drainage in the palliative management of malignant tumors in the biliopancreatic junction: a comparative study of surgical and endosonography-guided approaches

Introdução: A maioria dos pacientes acometidos pela neoplasia que envolve a confluência biliopancreática é diagnosticada em fase avançada. A Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica (CPRE) é o método de escolha para a drenagem da via biliar obstruída. Todavia, existe um índice de insucesso em torno de 10%. Nesses casos, técnicas alternativas serão aplicadas, como drenagem percutânea trans-hepática e drenagens cirúrgicas. Objetivo: Avaliar o sucesso técnico, clínico, qualidade de vida e sobrevida da drenagem biliar pela cirurgia convencional e técnica endoscópica ecoguiada em pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Método: No período de abril de 2010 a setembro de 2013, foram estudados 32 pacientes portadores de neoplasia maligna da confluência biliopancreática. Todos os que foram incluídos nesse estudo apresentaram falha na drenagem biliar por CPRE. Três deles foram excluídos por insucesso técnico (falha na confecção da anastomose hepaticojejunal e da formação da fístula coledocoduodenal ecoguiada). O Grupo I foi formado por 15 pacientes submetidos à Hepaticojejunostomia (HJT) em "Y" de Roux e derivação gastrojejunal. O Grupo II foi formado por 14 pacientes submetidos à coledocoduodenostomia ecoguiada (CDT). O sucesso clínico foi avaliado pela queda da bilirrubina sérica total em mais de 50% nos sete primeiros dias após o procedimento. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário SF-36 e a sobrevida pela curva de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: O sucesso técnico foi de 93,75% (15/16) no Grupo I e de 87,5% (14/16) no Grupo II (p = 0,598). O sucesso clínico ocorreu em 14 (93,33%) pacientes pertencentes ao Grupo I e em 10 (71,43%) do Grupo II. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,169). O comportamento médio dos escores de qualidade de vida foi estatisticamente igual entre as técnicas ao longo do seguimento (p > 0,05 Técnica * Momento). Houve alteração média estatisticamente significativa ao...

Introduction: Most patients with neoplasm in the biliopancreatic junction are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the method of choice for drainage of obstructed biliary tract. However, there is a failure rate of about 10%. In such cases, alternative techniques, such as, percutaneous transhepatic drainage and surgical drainage are applied. Aim: To evaluate the technical and clinical success, quality of life and patient survival of biliary drainage by conventional surgery and endosonography-guided technique in patients with malignant neoplasm of the biliopancreatic junction. Methodology: From April 2010 to September 2013, 32 patients with malignant neoplasm of the biliopancreatic junction were studied. All patients included in this study had failed biliary drainage by ERCP. Three patients were excluded due to technical failure (failure in the construction of hepatico-jejuno anastomosis and formation of endosonography-guided choledochoduodenal fistula). Group I comprised of 15 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJT) and gastrojejunal bypass. Group II consisted of 14 patients who underwent endosonography-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDT). Clinical success was assessed by the decrease of more than 50% in total serum bilirubin in the first seven days after the procedure. Quality of life was assessed by SF-36 questionnaire and survival by Kaplan-Meier curve. Results: Technical success rate was 93.75% (15/16) in group I and 87.5% (14/16) in group II (p = 0.598). Clinical success occurred in 14 (93.33%) patients in group I and 10 (71.43%) patients in group II. There was no significant statistically difference (p = 0.169). The average quality of life score were statistically equal between the techniques during follow-up (p > 0.05 * Technical Moment). There were statistically significant mean changes during follow-up of functional capacity score, physical health, pain, social...

Estudo ultrassonográfico morfométrico do fígado e trato biliar de suínos submetidos a obstrução biliar experimental / Sonographic morphometry of the liver and biliary tract in porcine models submitted to experimental biliary obstruction

OBJETIVO: Comparar as alterações anatômicas decorrentes de um quadro de icterícia obstrutiva experimental induzida em suínos nos períodos pré e pós-operatório por meio de exame ultrassonográfico.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Seis suínos da raça Landrace, com 36 dias de idade, foram submetidos a obstrução biliar completa mediante ligadura do ducto colédoco por cirurgia videolaparoscópica.RESULTADOS: Não ocorreram dificuldades na execução dos procedimentos obstrutivos e a recuperação cirúrgica foi eficiente. Decorridos sete dias, os animais apresentaram icterícia, bilirrubinúria e acolia fecal. O exame ultrassonográfico comparativo permitiu visualizar hepatomegalia, colecistomegalia e aumento no calibre do ducto colédoco em todos os animais, assim como alterações decorrentes da colestase. A avaliação morfométrica revelou aumento significativo nos diâmetros da vesícula biliar e do lobo hepático lateral esquerdo.CONCLUSÃO: Os suínos representam um modelo experimental adequado de icterícia obstrutiva, e o exame ultrassonográfico demonstrou-se sensível e relevante no diagnóstico das alterações decorrentes de obstrução biliar extra-hepática nesses animais.

OBJECTIVE: To compare, by means of ultrasonography, pre- and postoperative anatomical changes arising from experimentally induced obstructive jaundice in porcine models.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six 36-day-old Landrace pigs underwent laparoscopically induced complete biliary obstruction by common bile duct ligation.RESULTS: No difficulty was faced during the procedures and the surgical recovery was uneventful. After seven days, the animals showed jaundice, bilirubinuria and acholic stools. Comparative ultrasonography allowed visualization of hepatomegaly, cholecystomegaly and increased caliber of the common bile duct in all the animals, as well as changes resulting from cholestasis. The morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in diameter of the gallbladders and left lateral liver lobes.CONCLUSION: Pigs represent appropriate experimental models for investigation of obstructive jaundice, and ultrasonography has shown to be sensitive, playing a relevant role in the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in such animals.

Evaluation of various causes and treatment of obstructive jaundice at Liaquat university hospital

The purpose of this study is to evaluate various causes of obstructive jaundice and its available treatment modalities in this area. Descriptive study. This study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro from January 2010 to december 2010. All the patients above 15 years of both sexes were included in this study having obstructive jaundice diagnosed on the basis of clinical grounds and supported by LFT and ultrasonography. A uniform system of history taking, physical examination, investigation and treatment was adopted for all the patients and information was recorded on the pre-designed proforma. Comprises 80 cases of obstructive jaundice, average age was 50 years with the female to male ratio1.5:1. The most common cause was carcinoma of head of pancreas in 27 [33.75%] followed by bile duct stone disease in 24 [33%] cases of carcinoma of gallbladder were in females. Jaundice with weight loss, itching [46%] and mass [28%] were the presenting features in malignant obstruction while pain [83.33%] and fever [25%] was mostly seen in patient with choledocholithiasis. Gallbladder was palable in malignant obstruction only. Anemia was the common associated problem [60%] especially in malignant cases [83%] only biopsy was preferred in 30 [37.50%] of cases, while choledochoduodenustomy in 14 [17.5%]. Postoperative complications were only in 28 [35%] of patients with wound sepsis in 17 [11.25%]. The mortality rate was [11.25%]. Maximal survival for carcinoma of pancreas was 9 months. The average post operative stay was 12 days. Cholecystectomy with supraduodental choledochotomy and T-tube insertion is effective treatment for bile duct stones whereas internal drainage of billary system is good for advanced malignant cases

Papilomatose das vias biliares / Biliary papillomatosis

A papilomatose das vias biliares (PVB) é uma afecção rara, descrita inicialmente por Caroli, em 1959. Até o ano de 2001, apenas cerca de 50 casos foram descritos na literatura mundial. O diagnóstico da PVB dificilmente é realizado no pré-operatório, pois os achados de exames de imagem e endoscópicos quase sempre são inespecíficos, e muitas vezes apenas sugerem o diagnóstico de neoplasia das vias biliares. O objetivo da presente publicação é relatar um caso de PVB tratado por hepatectomia esquerda com o diagnóstico provável de colangiocarcinoma da confluência dos hepáticos. O diagnóstico definitivo de PVB só foi estabelecido após estudo anatomopatológico da peça cirúrgica. São comentados aspectos relacionados ao diagnóstico diferencial, às opões de tratamento propostas para a PVB, bem como o prognóstico dos pacientes submetidos à ressecção.

Biliary papillomatosis (BP) is a rare disease, initially described for Caroli, in 1959. Until the year of 2001, only about 50 cases had been described in world-wide literature. The diagnosis of the BP hardly is carried through in pre-operatory, therefore the findings of image examinations and endoscopies almost always are not specifics, and many times only suggest diagnosis of neoplasia of biliary ducts. The objective of present publication is to relate a case of BP treated for left hepatectomy with probable diagnosis of cholangiocarcionoma of hepatics ducts confluence. Definitive diagnosis of BP alone was established after anatomopathological study of surgical specimen. Aspects related to differential diagnosis, treatment options proposals for the BP, as well as prognostic of the patients submitted to surgery are commented.

Bilioduodenal anastomosis in rats with extra-hepatic biliary obstruction is followed by lesions ischemia and reperfusion-induced / Lesão de isquemia e reperfusão em ratos com obstrução biliar extra-hepática submetidos à anastomose bilio-duodenal

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate alterations compatible with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion after bilioduodenal shunt (BD) in rats with obstructive jaundice (OB) . METHODS: Thirty six animals were divided into 6 experimental groups: CO1 and CO2 - control groups, sham-operated (SO) and evaluated 6 and 24 hours after, respectively; OB1 and OB2, - obstructive jaundice groups, sham-operated 15 days after bile duct ligature and evaluated 6 and 24 hours after SO, respectively; DBD1and DBD2 - obstructive jaundice groups evaluated ,respectively, 6 and 24 hours after BD performed 15 days after bile duct ligature. The parameters evaluated were serum total bilirubin, aminotransferase activity (AST, ALT), TNFalpha, liver mitochondrial functions and parenchymatous injury. RESULTS: Bilirubin decreased while aminotransferase activity increased 6 hours after BD (p<0.01); TNFalpha determination at the 6th hour after BD was higher than the one at the 24th hour (p<0.05); oxygen consumption in states 3 and 4 remained elevated in the BD initial phase , and liver cell damage worsened 24 hours after BD. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that surgical biliary decompression in obstructive jaundice is followed by alterations related to hepatic ischemia- reperfusion.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar alterações compatíveis com o fenômeno de isquemia-reperfusão hepática em ratos com icterícia obstrutiva (OB) após derivação bilioduodenal (BD). MÉTODOS: Trinta e seis animais foram divididos em seis grupos experimentais: CO1 e CO2 - grupos controle avaliados com 6 e 24 horas após operação simulada (SO), respectivamente; OB1 e OB2 - grupos com obstrução biliar, submetidos a SO 15 dias após ligadura do ducto biliar, e avaliados em 6 e 24 horas após a SO, respectivamente; DBD1 e DBD2 - grupos com 15 dias de obstrução biliar, avaliados em 6 e 24 horas, respectivamente, após BD. Os parâmetros avaliados foram bilirrubinas, aminotranferases (ALT e AST), funções mitocondriais hepáticas, dosagem de TNFalfa e lesão do parênquima hepático. RESULTADOS: As bilirrubinas caíram após BD, enquanto as aminotransferases aumentaram 6 horas após BD (p<0,01). O TNFalfa mensurado na 6ª hora após a BD foi maior que o da 24ª hora (p<0,05). O consumo de oxigênio no estado 3 e 4 mantiveram-se elevados na fase inicial do BD e as lesões celulares hepáticas agravaram-se na 24ª hora pós BD. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram que a descompressão cirúrgica biliar na icterícia obstrutiva foi seguida de alterações que correspondem ao fenômeno de isquemia-reperfusão hepática.

Duodenal tube test in the diagnosis of biliary atresia

Biliary atresia [BA] is a main cause of severe liver damage in infants. Successful surgical treatment is related directly to the early and rapid diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of duodenal tube test [DTT] in diagnosis of biliary atresia in a series of 20 infants with cholestatic jaundice. The inclusion criteria include a clay coloured stool and a direct bilirubin level > 2mg/dL. The study protocol include thorough history and clinical examination liver function tests complete blood count, abdominal ultrasound. TORCH screen, HIDA scan and percutaneous liver biopsy. A nasoduodenal tube was placed at the distal duodenum and the fluid was collected by gravity every 2 hours for 24 hours. DTT was considered bile positive when yellow biliary fluid was observed. The patients with bile +ve DTT were not explored surgically and cholestatic workup was completed. Laparotomy and ultra-operative cholangiography was indicated for bile -ve DTT patients and porto-enterostomy was done when biliary atresia was identified. The result of the study show that 13 cases were Bile -ve DTT and 7 cases were Bile +ve DTT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of DTT vsHIDA scan were 85%, 71%, 80% and 85% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of DTT vs percutaneous liver biopsy were 87%, 100%, 100% and 71% respectively. Lastly all of these 4 parameters were 100% on comparing DTT with intra-operative cholangiography

tendency towards a coagulation disorder in surgical jaundice: aretrospective analysis of some routine parameters

It is a retrospective study of 30 patients who had operations for obstructive jaundice in the University College Hospital Ibadan between 1998 and 2003. The aim was to see if one could predict the patients at risk of bleeding by analysing the routine investigations Like the Packed Cell Volume [PCV], Serum bilirubin Levels, Alkaline phosphatase and the International Normatised Ratio [INR]. These parameters were analysed against the age and pathology of the condition i.e. the respective diagnoses. The male/female ratio was 1:1.4 and the mean age was 52.8 years. The mean total bilirubin was 14.2mg% [241 .4micromol/L] and the mean PCV was 31.6%. The pathology of the condition was split between carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, carcinoma of the gall bladder, common bile duct stone and peri-ampullary carcinoma. The results suggest that the risk of haemorrhage increases with age and the levels of bilirubin beyond l5mg% [255micromol/L] in persons with carcinoma of the gall bladder

Incidence, dianosis and management of Mirizzi syndrom in Kuwait

Mirizzi syndrome is an obstructive jaundice associated with pressure on the common hepatic duct from gallstones in Hartmann's pouch or the cystic duct. The stones sometimes erode through the main duct, leaving a fistula. We reviewed cases encountered between January 2001 and November 2002. Retrospective review of seventeen patients with diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome managed in the surgical wards of Farwaniya Hospital. Patients were fully investigated including liver function tests, abdominal ultrasonography, ERCPand/or intra-operative cholangiography. During the study period 625 cholecystectomies were performed. Out of these, 17 were found to have Mirizzi syndrome which accounts for an incidence of 2.72%. In 11 patients, jaundice resulted from gallstone pressure [type I] and in the remaining six patients, the stones had eroded into the common hepatic duct producing a fistula [type II]. The diagnosis can usually be made preoperatively, especially if a large single stone is seen in conjunction with a dilated common hepatic duct and normal caliber common bile duct. We favor partial cholecystectomy, adding choledochoplasty using the gallbladder remnant, to close the fistula in type II cases

Prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles en el manejo poliativo de la ictericia obstructiva maligna: experiencia local / Self-expandable metallic stents in the management of poliativo malignant obstructive jaundice: local experience

La ictericia obstructiva es una manifestación frecuente de las neoplasias que afectan la vía biliar. La obstrucción maligna del tracto biliar puede ser causada por Carcinoma ampular, Carcinoma Pancreático, Carcinoma del ducto biliar y Enfermedad metastásica. Estos tumores suelen tener mal pronóstico, de forma que una minoría son resecables en el momento del diagnóstico (10-20 por ciento) y, de ellos sólo una escasa proporción tienen expectativas de curación. Desde su primera descripción en el año 1979 las endoprótesis biliares se han tornado en un importante componente del manejo multimodal de este complejo problema clínico. Las prótesis biliares endoscópicas proveen pilación efectiva en estos pacientes, aliviando la ictericia y mejorando el estado nutricional y calidad de vida durante el tiempo restante de vida del paciente. Las prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles ofrecen un diámetro mayor que las plásticas y se asocian a una tasa de oclusión mas baja, eliminando la necesidad de recambio. En este trabajo presentamos nuestra experiencia en el tratamiento paliativo definitivo de la ictericia obstructiva maligna. Desde el 20-10-2000 hasta mayo del 2003, hemos colocado un total de 22 prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles en vía biliar. Un caso correspondió a una estenosis "benigna" del ducto hepático común que complicó una Cirugía de vesícula biliar. Los restantes 21 casos correspondieron a estenosis malignas siendo discriminadas de la siguiente manera: 12 casos de Tumores de cabeza de páncreas, 6 tumores del ducto biliar, 2 tumores de papila duodenal y un caso de infiltración de la pared coledociana por tumor de Vesicula biliar. El rango de edad de estos pacientes osciló entre 49 y 94 años con una edad promedio de 66 años. La sobrevida de estos pacientes ha oscilado entre 5 dìas y 2 años. No se presentaron complicaciones en el momento de la colocación de la prótesis. De los Tumores del ducto biliar, dos estaban localizados en la bifurcación.